Trisomy 21 alters DNA methylation in parent-of-origin-dependent and independent manners

The supernumerary chromosome 21 in Down syndrome differentially affects the methylation statuses at CpG dinucleotide sites and creates genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation of parental alleles, ultimately causing diverse pathologies. At present, it is unknown whether those effects are dependent or independent of the parental origin of the nondis-joined chromosome 21. Linkage analysis is a standard method for the determination of the parental origin of this aneuploidy, although it is inadequate in cases with deficiency of samples from the progenitors. Here, we assessed the reliability of the epigenetic 5(m)CpG imprints resulting in the maternally (oocyte)-derived allele methylation at a differentially methylated region (DMR) of the candidate imprinted WRB gene for asserting the parental origin of chromosome 21. We developed a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-specific PCR assay, based on the WRB DMR, across single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the methylation statuses in the parental alleles. In genomic DNA from blood cells of either disomic or trisomic subjects, the maternal alleles were consistently methylated, while the paternal alleles were unmethylated. However, the supernumerary chromosome 21 did alter the methylation patterns at the RUNX1 (chromosome 21) and TMEM131 (chromosome 2) CpG sites in a parent-of-origin-independent manner. To evaluate the 5(m)CpG imprints, we conducted a computational comparative epigenomic analysis of transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and histone modification expression patterns. We found allele fractions consistent with the transcriptional biallelic expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes, despite the similarities in the confluence of both a 17-histone modification activation backbone module and a 5-histone modification repressive module between the WRB DMR and the DMRs of six imprinted genes. We concluded that the maternally inherited 5(m)CpG imprints at the WRB DMR are uncoupled from the parental allele expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes in several tissues and that trisomy 21 alters DNA methylation in parent-of-origin-dependent and -independent manners

CAPACITAÇÃO EM AMBIENTES DE PROJETOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE O CAMINHO DA ANDRAGOGIA

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar a fronteira do conhecimento em andragogia, para entender como esse método pode contribuir com a capacitação em ambientes de projetos. Para chegar a fronteira de conhecimento, fizemos um estudo bibliométrico e uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Paralelamente a isso, realizamos uma pesquisa na base de dados Scopus, nas principais revistas de Gestão de Projetos, onde identificamos a relação entre a pedagogia e andragogia, com o gerenciamento de projetos. Dessa forma trouxemos como contribuição as principais abordagens da andragogia, facilitando a reflexão sobre sua aplicação em programas de capacitação em projetos. Como pesquisas futuras, constatamos a necessidade de realização de novos estudos, sobre a aplicação da andragogia em diferentes ambientes de projetos, permitindo sua consolidação nesta área específica

FIRE HISTORY OF VILA VELHA STATE PARK, PARANÁ, FROM 1997 TO 2018

Grassy-wood steppe formation is characterized as a fire-dependent ecosystem, however the fire regime in these areas has changed over the years. The study aimed to recover the fire history of Vila Velha State Park - PR, which houses one of the main remnants of countryside vegetation in the state, in order to assist the fire management activities in the park. Through Landsat images, there were demarcated scars resulting from the fire passage from 1997 to 2018. Subsequently, frequency maps were generated, time since last fire and fire return interval. It was observed that 56% of the park area already burned at least once in the analyzed period, nine times the maximum frequency occurred. Approximately 23.5% of the burned area has exceeded a time of 10 years since the last burn, with 22 years the maximum period observed. The predominant fire return range in the park was the “mixed range”. The southwest zone of the park was the most frequently attained, while the eastern zone concentrated areas with prolonged periods since the last fire occurrence, for which is recommended priority in the next fire management actions

FIRE HISTORY OF VILA VELHA STATE PARK, PARANÁ, FROM 1997 TO 2018

Grassy-wood steppe formation is characterized as a fire-dependent ecosystem, however the fire regime in these areas has changed over the years. The study aimed to recover the fire history of Vila Velha State Park - PR, which houses one of the main remnants of countryside vegetation in the state, in order to assist the fire management activities in the park. Through Landsat images, there were demarcated scars resulting from the fire passage from 1997 to 2018. Subsequently, frequency maps were generated, time since last fire and fire return interval. It was observed that 56% of the park area already burned at least once in the analyzed period, nine times the maximum frequency occurred. Approximately 23.5% of the burned area has exceeded a time of 10 years since the last burn, with 22 years the maximum period observed. The predominant fire return range in the park was the “mixed range”. The southwest zone of the park was the most frequently attained, while the eastern zone concentrated areas with prolonged periods since the last fire occurrence, for which is recommended priority in the next fire management actions

Covid-19 e suas redes de conectividades no território maranhense: Compreendendo sua espacialização

This article is the result of a discussion that begins with the statement by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) about the Covid-19 pandemic, a disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, from March 11th, the study group began to follow the news about the Brazilian cases in the Northeast and North regions, more specifically, in Maranhão state, through the information contained in the information sheets, technical notes and decrees made available by the Secretary of State for Health. Thus, the monitoring to understand the specialization of the disease had started. For such follow-up, discussions were promoted about the Technical Scientific Informational Environment, Flows, and Connection Networks between the capital and the other municipalities located on the Island, as well as with the municipalities on the continent. Subsequently, software from the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to make daily thematic maps on confirmed cases and deaths, considering the period from 04/05/2020 to 06/15/2020 and, with the bibliographic references, they provided relevant reflections to us for understanding the diffusion and spatialization of cases in Maranhão’s municipalities. It was verified that the road flow was the main midst of Covid-19 dissemination, with 1499 deaths and 60592 confirmed cases which reached 665 and 98%, respectively, of the Maranhão’s municipalities.Este artículo es el resultado de una discusión que parte de la declaración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2020) sobre la pandemia de Covid-19, una enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2). Por lo tanto, a partir del 11 de marzo, el grupo de estudio comenzó a seguir las noticias sobre los casos en Brasil y en las regiones noreste y norte, más específicamente en el estado de Maranhão, a través de la información contenida en los boletines, notas técnicas y El Secretario de Estado de Salud puso a disposición los decretos gubernamentales, por lo que el monitoreo comenzó a comprender la espacialización de la enfermedad. Para dicho seguimiento, se promovieron discusiones sobre el entorno de información técnica científica, flujos y redes de conexión entre la capital y los otros municipios ubicados en la isla, así como con los municipios del continente. Posteriormente, se utilizó el software del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para hacer mapas temáticos diarios sobre casos y muertes confirmados, teniendo en cuenta el período del 05/04/2020 al 15/06/2020 y, junto con las referencias bibliográficas , nos proporcionó reflexiones relevantes para comprender la difusión y la espacialización de los casos en los municipios de Maranhão. Se descubrió que el flujo de la carretera era el principal medio de diseminación de Covid-19 con 1499 muertes y 60592 casos confirmados, llegando a 655 y 98%, respectivamente, de los municipios de Maranhão.Este artigo é fruto de uma discussão que se inicia partir da declaração da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 2020) sobre a pandemia da Covid-19, doença causada pela nova severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Dessa forma, a partir do dia 11 de março, o grupo de estudos começou a acompanhar as notícias sobre os casos no Brasil e nas Regiões Nordeste e Norte, mais especificamente no estado do Maranhão, por meio das informações contidas nos boletins, notas técnicas e decretos governamentais disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde. Assim, iniciou-se o monitoramento para a compreensão da espacialização da doença. Para tal acompanhamento, promoveram-se discussões sobre o Meio Técnico Científico Informacional, Fluxos e Redes de Conexão entre a capital e os demais municípios localizados na Ilha, bem como com os municípios do continente. Posteriormente, foram utilizados softwares do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) para confecção de mapas temáticos diários sobre casos confirmados e óbitos, levando em consideração o período de 05/04/2020 a 15/06/2020 e, em conjunto com os referenciais bibliográficos, nos proporcionaram reflexões relevantes para o entendimento da difusão e espacialização dos casos nos municípios maranhenses. Verificou-se que o fluxo rodoviário foi o principal meio da difusão da Covid-19 com 1499 óbitos e 60592 casos confirmados, alcançando 655 e 98% respectivamente dos municípios maranhenses

Brazilian guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . Official document of the Brazilian Thoracic Association based on the GRADE methodology

A fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) é uma forma de pneumopatia intersticial crônica fibrosante de causa desconhecida, que acomete preferencialmente homens idosos, com história atual ou pregressa de tabagismo. Mesmo sendo uma doença incomum, ela assume grande importância devido a sua gravidade e prognóstico reservado. Nas últimas décadas, diversas modalidades terapêuticas farmacológicas foram investigadas para o tratamento dessa doença, de tal modo que conceitos clássicos vêm sendo revisados. O objetivo destas diretrizes foi definir recomendações brasileiras baseadas em evidências em relação ao emprego de agentes farmacológicos no tratamento da FPI. Procurou-se fornecer orientações a questões de ordem prática, enfrentadas pelos clínicos no seu cotidiano. As perguntas PICO (acrônimo baseado em perguntas referentes aos Pacientes de interesse, Intervenção a ser estudada, Comparação da intervenção e Outcome [desfecho] de interesse) abordaram aspectos relativos ao uso de corticosteroides, N-acetilcisteína, tratamento medicamentoso do refluxo gastroesofágico, inibidores dos receptores da endotelina, inibidores da fosfodiesterase-5, pirfenidona e nintedanibe. Para a formulação das perguntas PICO, um grupo de especialistas brasileiros atuantes na área foi reunido, sendo realizada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. As revisões sistemáticas com meta-análises previamente publicadas foram analisadas quanto à força das evidências compiladas e, a partir daí, foram concebidas recomendações seguindo a metodologia Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Os autores acreditam que o presente documento represente um importante avanço a ser incorporado na abordagem de pacientes com FPI, objetivando principalmente favorecer seu manejo, e pode se tornar uma ferramenta auxiliar na definição de políticas públicas relacionadas à FPI.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown cause, which predominantly affects elderly men who are current or former smokers. Even though it is an uncommon disease, it is of great importance because of its severity and poor prognosis. In recent decades, several pharmacological treatment modalities have been investigated for the treatment of this disease, and the classic concepts have therefore been revised. The purpose of these guidelines was to define evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of IPF in Brazil. We sought to provide guidance on the practical issues faced by clinicians in their daily lives. Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO)-style questions were formulated to address aspects related to the use of corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine, gastroesophageal reflux medications, endothelin-receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, pirfenidone, and nintedanib. To formulate the PICO questions, a group of Brazilian specialists working in the area was assembled and an extensive review of the literature on the subject was carried out. Previously published systematic reviews with meta-analyses were analyzed for the strength of the compiled evidence, and, on that basis, recommendations were developed by employing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The authors believe that the present document represents an important advance to be incorporated in the approach to patients with IPF, aiming mainly to improve its management, and can become an auxiliary tool for defining public policies related to IPF

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost